Russian Military and Intelligence Rendezvous and Proximity Operations Fact Sheet
Since 2014, Russia has conducted several robotic rendezvous and proximity operations (RPO) in both low Earth orbit (LEO) and geostationary Earth orbit (GEO), many of which are associated with military and intelligence space security activities and contribute to evolving space situational awareness capabilities. Most of these missions have been publicly acknowledged by the Russian government, but limited transparency and available data raise important considerations for space governance and responsible behavior in space.
None of the programs listed here are thought to involve co-orbital ASAT (anti-satellite) testing or deployment, though their dual-use nature and observed behaviors contribute to ongoing counterspace concerns and suspicions surrounding several of these activities within the broader space security environment. Read more in this fact sheet.
